← Back

Fool's Funnel

Clitocybe rivulosa

deadly

Distribution

North America, continental Europe, Britain, and Ireland. Widespread across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Habitat

Saprobic in unimproved pastures, coastal dunes, parks, lawns, and roadsides. Prefers calcareous (chalky/alkaline) grassland. Often found in troops or fairy rings in short grass.

Season

Midsummer through early winter (July to November).

Toxin Type

Muscarine

Symptoms

Overview: Muscarinic syndrome identical to C. dealbata with rapid onset. Mechanism: Muscarine overstimulates parasympathetic nervous system by binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Onset: Within 15-30 minutes of ingestion. Symptoms: Excessive salivation, heavy perspiration, tearing, stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhea, difficult respiration (bronchoconstriction), blurred vision. In severe cases: bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory failure. Treatment: Atropine as specific antidote.

User Reported Vision

My vision blurred and I saw double. Colors washed out and everything looked pale and sickly. I felt like I was shrinking while the room grew enormous around me.